I-Evonik Silica: Ukuhlaziywa Okuphelele Kwezicelo Zokudla

Kwadalwa ngo 2025.12.19

I-Evonik Silica: Ukuhlaziywa Okuphelele Kwezicelo Zokudla

1. Isifinyezo Esiphezulu

Njengomkhiqizi omkhulu we-silica emhlabeni, i-Evonik inikeza izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemikhiqizo ye-silica esezingeni lokudla: i-fumed silica (AEROSIL®) kanye ne-precipitated silica (SIPERNAT®). Ngokuhambisana neChina's National Food Safety Standard GB2760-2011 (China National Standard Food Additive Number CNS 02.004, International Numbering System for Food Additives INS 551), le mikhiqizo isebenza ikakhulukazi njengezinto ezivimbela ukuminyana. Iklanyelwe ngokusebenzisa i-flame hydrolysis (ye-fumed silica) kanye nenqubo emanzi (ye-precipitated silica), zineziqhakambiso ezihlukile ze-nanostructures kanye nekhono elihle lokumunca nokusabalalisa. Embonini yokudla, zisebenzela izinjongo ezine eziyinhloko: usizo lokugeleza/ukuphikisa ukuminyana, umphathi, usizo lokumisa ngomoya, kanye nosizo lokugaya, futhi zilungele izinhlobonhlobo eziningi zemikhiqizo yokudla okubandakanya ubisi oluyimpuphu, usawoti, iziphuzo ezisheshayo, nezinongo. Imikhiqizo emele njenge-SIPERNAT®350 (ukuphikisa ukuminyana okungenalo uthuli) kanye ne-AEROSIL®200F (ukuphikisa ukuminyana okuphezulu kanye nokunciphisa uthuli) zibonisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Ngokubhaliswa kwezinga lokudla kulo lonke elaseYurophu, i-North American Free Trade Area (NAFTA), i-Asia-Pacific, nezinye izifunda, i-Evonik iyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezixazululo ezenziwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zamakhasimende.

2. Imephu Yengqondo

Qaphela: Ayikwazi ukuboniswa ngaphandle kwedokhumenti ye-Doubao

Ufulawa kakhukhunathi esitsheni sengilazi, uzungezwe ukhukhunathi ogayiwe nobisi.

3. Isifinyezo Esiningiliziwe

I. Ingqikithi Yenkampani & Ukubekwa Komkhiqizo

Amandla Ebhizinisi

I-Evonik ibalwa njengomkhiqizi omkhulu we-silica emhlabeni, enabasebenzi abangaphezu kuka-3,500 abazinikele ekusebenzeni amakhasimende ezinto ezingezona eziphilayo emhlabeni wonke. Ngamalungiselelo okukhiqiza angu-26, izikhungo ze-R&D, namalabhorethri ezicelo emhlabeni wonke, futhi inekomkhulu e-Hanau, eJalimane, le nkampani iqinisekisa amandla okuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo emhlabeni wonke.

Iphothifoliyo Yomkhiqizo

Izinto eziyinhloko ze-Evonik zihlanganisa i-fumed silica (AEROSIL®), i-precipitated silica (SIPERNAT®), kanye nama-oxide akhethekile, ama-dispersion, nama-matting agents. Le nkampani igxile ekuhlinzekeni ngemikhiqizo enezinga eliphezulu lokwengezwa kanye nokwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe okuhambisana nemboni yokudla.

II. Ulwazi Oluyisisekelo Lwe-Silica Yokudla

Amazinga Okuphepha

Iyahambisana neNational Food Safety Standard GB2760-2011, inombolo ye-CNS engu-02.004 kanye nenombolo ye-INS engu-551. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuba yi-anti-caking agent.

Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza

Inqubo Ye-Fumed

: Isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-flame hydrolysis. Emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-1000°C, i-silicon tetrachloride isabela ne-hydrogen ne-oxygen ukukhiqiza i-fumed silica.

Ifomula Yokuphendula: $$\ce{SiCl_{4} + 2H_{2} + O_{2} -> SiO_{2} + 4HCl ^$$

Ukuhamba kwenqubo kufaka phakathi ukuhlanganisa, ukusabela komlilo, ukuhlukanisa, nokwelashwa kokukhipha u-asidi.

    - Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Ngokumiswa: Isebenzisa inqubo emanzi. Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka-100°C, i-sodium silicate isabela ne-sulfuric acid ukukhiqiza i-silica eyenziwe ngokumiswa.

Ifomula Yokuphendula: $$\ce{Na_{2}O·SiO_{2} + H_{2}SO_{4} -> SiO_{2} v + Na_{2}SO_{4} + H_{2}O$$

Ukugeleza kwenqubo kufaka phakathi ukusabela kokumiswa, ukuhlunga, ukumisa ukoma, nokugaya/ukugrumuza.

Utshwala esesikhwameni sephepha etafuleni ne-ginger, ulamula, kanye imbiza yobumba.

Ukuma Nokwakheka

Zonke izinhlobo zomkhiqizo zikhombisa isakhiwo esihierarchical: ama-particles ayinhloko → ama-aggregates (abambene ngoxhumo lwezinto ezikhemikhali) → ama-agglomerates (abambene ngamandla ka-van der Waals). Ku-fumed silica AEROSIL®200F, usayizi we-particle eyinhloko ungama-12 nm, usayizi we-aggregate uhlelwa phakathi kuka-80 no-120 nm, kanti usayizi we-agglomerate udlula i-1 μm.

III. Izicelo Eziyinhloko Embonini Yokudla (Kuhlanganisa Izimiso, Izibonelo & Imikhiqizo Econyiwe)

Isimo Sokusebenza	Uhlelo Lokusebenza	Izicelo Zokudla Ezivamile	Izinga Lemikhiqizo Econyiwe
Usizo Lokugeleza/Ukuphikisana Nokuhlanganiswa	1. I-Adsorbs phezu kwephezulu le-particle, ikhulisa isikhala phakathi kwe-particle, yehlisa indawo yokuxhumana, futhi yehlisa amandla okunamathela. 2. I-Absorbs umswakama ophakathi kwephezulu le-particle ukuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa.	Umpuphu wobisi, umpuphu wobisi ocebile nge-calcium, usawoti, ushukela we-icing, iziphuzo ezisheshayo, izinongo (umpuphu kagalikhi, umpuphu wechilisi)	SIPERNAT®22S, SIPERNAT®350, AEROSIL®200F
Isithwali	Isebenzisa isakhiwo sayo esinemingxuma eminingi ukumunca uketshezi, iguqule uketshezi olujiyile lube yimpuphu elula ukuphatha, elinganiseka kahle (kufika ku-75% ukugxilisa okungenzeka).	Uwoyela kavithamini E, ukunambitheka okunguketshezi, izithako zokudla okunomsoco eziwusizo, izithako zasolwandle/ezitshalweni	SIPERNAT®22, 33, 50, 680, 2200
Usizo Lokomisa Ngesifutho	1. Iqinisekisa ukuhamba komkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza futhi ivimbele ukuminyana. 2. Yehlisa ukunamathela kwezinhlayiya ezindongeni zangaphakathi zomshini wokomisa ngesifutho, yehlisa ukulahleka kwezinto kanye nokuphindwa kokuhlanza.	Ukhilimu wekhofi, impushana yamaprotheni, impushana yeqanda, impushana yobisi, impushana katamatisi, isikhishwe semvubelo	SIPERNAT®22S, 50S, 680
Usizo lokugaya	1. Kunciphisa ukubambana kwemikhiqizo encibilikayo ezingeni eliphansi ngesikhathi sokugaya. 2. Kuncelisa uketshezi olukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokugaya, kuvimbele ukuminyana kwemishini futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza komkhiqizo.	Ushukela we-icing, ukunambitheka, ukudla okunempilo, izinongo zamakhambi, impushana ye-chili	SIPERNAT®22, 22S, 50, 50S

IV. Izici & Izinzuzo Zemikhiqizo Emele

Ukhilimu wamazinyo, ibhulashi lamazinyo, impushana, ithawula, nebhodlela lamanzi etafuleni lamabula endaweni yokuzivocavoca.

SIPERNAT®350

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko

: Yakhelwe ngokukhethekile izimpushana zokudla ezithambile ezibambana kalula; inikeza imiphumela emibili yokuvimbela ukubambana nokucindezela uthuli; isakazeka ngokulinganayo ngaphandle kokudinga amandla aphezulu okugxambukela.

: Iphowder yephunga, amaphowder omkhiqizo wezinkomo, imixube ye-sugar icing, izithako zokuphuza ezisheshayo, izinsalela zobisi, imixube ye-sawoti, njll.

: 0.2%–0.4% (ukuphakanyiswa okweqile kungadala izinkinga zothuli).

AEROSIL®200F

Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko

: Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu; kunciphisa ukuhlanganiswa nokuthuli; kugcina umbala ophuzi wezithako zokudla (isb., ipowder ye-chili).

: Amapowder anokuthambile (isb., ukulungelelaniswa kwe-sausage), ipowder ye-chili, amakha, njll.

: 0.5%–1.0% (ububanzi obuphumelelayo).

Izinzuzo Zokuhlanganisa

Njengomsebenzi wokuhamba, uchungechunge lwe-SIPERNAT® luphumelela kakhulu kune-tricalcium phosphate (isb., ukuhamba okungcono ngaleso sikhathi kumaphowder wobisi).
I-SIPERNAT®33, njengomthwali, inganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-silica ngo-27.7% lapho kukhiqizwa impushana ye-vitamin E engu-72% uma iqhathaniswa nempushana engu-65%.

Izigaba Zokudla & Imikhawulo Ephezulu Yokusebenzisa (GB2760-2011)

Ikhodi Yesigaba Sokudla	Igama Lokudla	Ukusebenzisa Okukhulu (g/kg)	Amanothi
01.03	Impulushana yobisi (kuhlanganise nempulushana yobisi enoshukela) kanye nempulushana ukhilimu, nemikhiqizo yazo elungisiwe	15.0	-
02.05	Amanye amafutha noma imikhiqizo yamafutha (inomkhawulo ku-non-dairy creamer)	15.0	-
03.0	Iziphuzo ezifriziwe (ngaphandle komkhiqizo 03.04 weqhwa ongadliwayo)	0.5	-
05.01.01	Imikhiqizo yekhokho (kuhlanganise namafutha, izimpushana, izinhlama, njll., lapho ikhokho iyisithako esiyinhloko)	15.0	-
06.01	Okusanhlamvu okuluhlaza	1.2	-
10.03.01	Imikhiqizo yeqanda eyomisiwe (iphutha le-protein, iphutha le-yolk yeqanda, njll.)	15.0	-
11.06	Amanye ama-sweetener (anciphile ku-powdered sugar)	15.0	-
12.01	Usawoti kanye nezikhundla zosawoti	20.0	-
12.09	Izithako nezinongo	20.0	-
12.10.01	Izithako eziyinhlanganisela eziqinile	20.0	-
14.06	Iziphuzo eziqinile	15.0	-
16.07	Amanye (wokucubungula umkhiqizo wesoya)	0.025	Kwama-defoamer ahlanganisiwe; umthamo obalwe ngekhilogremu yesoya

VI. Ukutholakala Komhlaba Wonke

Izinga Lomkhiqizo	I-Europe	I-NAFTA	Izifunda zase-Asia-Pacific & Ezinye Izifunda
I-Fumed Silica AEROSIL®200	+	+	+
I-Fumed Silica AEROSIL®200F	+	-	+
I-Silica Eneziwe i-AEROSIL®380	-	+	+
Fumed Silica AEROSIL®380F	+	-	+
Precipitated Silica SIPERNAT®22	+	+	+
I-Silica Eyenziwe Ngokumiswa i-SIPERNAT®22S	+	+	++ (Eyenzelwe i-China)
I-Silica Eyenziwe Ngokumiswa i-SIPERNAT®25	-	-	Kwezimakethe zaseJapane kuphela
I-Silica Eyenziwe Ngokumiswa i-SIPERNAT®50	+	+	+
I-Precipitated Silica SIPERNAT®50S	+	+	+
I-Precipitated Silica SIPERNAT®350	+	+	+
I-Silica Ethulwe SIPERNAT®340	-	+	-
I-Silica Ethulwe SIPERNAT®680	+	+	++ (ikhethekile eShayina)
I-Silica Ethulwe SIPERNAT®2200	+	+	+

Qaphela: + = Iyatholakala; ++ = Ukuhlinzekwa okukhethekile kweChina

4. Imibuzo Eyinhloko Nezimpawu

Umbuzo 1: Yiziphi izimo eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-silica ye-Evonik esezingeni lokudla embonini yokudla, futhi yiziphi izindlela eziyinhloko ezisekelayo?

Impendulo 1: Kunezimo ezine eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa: ① Usizo lokugeleza/ukuphikisa ukubambana; ② Umthwali; ③ Usizo lokumisa okomisa; ④ Usizo lokugaya.

Izindlela Eziyinhloko:

① Usizo lokugeleza/ukuphikisa ukubambana: Kwandisa isikhala phakathi kwezinhlayiya ukuze kuncishiswe indawo yokuthintana futhi kuncishiswe amandla okubambelela, kuyilapho kuncelwa umswakama ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubambana.

② Ithwali: Isebenzisa isakhiwo sayo esinemingilwana eminingi ukumunca uketshezi, iguqule uketshezi olunamandla aphezulu lube yimpuphu elula ukuphatha.

③ Usizo lokumisa ngomoya: Kuthuthukisa ukuhamba komkhiqizo futhi kunciphisa ukunamathela ezindaweni zemishini.

④ Usizo lokugaya: Kumunca uketshezi olukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokugaya, kuvimbela ukubambana kwemikhiqizo enezindawo zokuncibilika eziphansi nokuvimbela imishini.

Umbuzo 2: Njengemikhiqizo ye-silica edume kakhulu ye-Evonik esetshenziswa ekudleni, yiziphi izinto ezihlukile ezinhle kakhulu nezimo ezifanele phakathi kwe-SIPERNAT®350 ne-AEROSIL®200F?

A2: ① SIPERNAT®350: Izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko "ukuvimbela ukubambana + ukunciphisa uthuli". Iyasakazeka ngokulinganayo ngaphandle kokudinga amandla aphezulu okugxambukela, futhi ilungele izimpuphu zokudla ezithambile ezibambana kalula njengezimpuphu zamagremu, izimpuphu zobisi, kanye ne-icing sugar premixes. Umthamo owunconyiwe ngu-0.2%–0.4%.

② AEROSIL®200F: Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu. Inganciphisa ukubambana nothuli ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi igcine umbala okhanyayo wezimpuphu zokudla. Ilungele izimpuphu ezinamathelayo (isb., izinongo zamasoseji), impuphu yeshili, ukunambitheka, njll. Umthamo owunconyiwe ngu-0.5%–1.0%.

Q3: Ngokwendlela ye-GB2760-2011, yimiphi imithetho eyinhloko mayelana nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwe-silica yokudla ezigabeni ezahlukene zokudla? Yisiphi isigaba sokudla esinemikhawulo eqine kakhulu yokusetshenziswa?

A3: Imithetho Ebalulekile: ① Usawoti nezinto ezifaka usawoti, izinongo, izinongo eziyimpahla, kanye nezinongo eziyinhlanganisela eziyimpahla zinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokusetshenziswa (20.0 g/kg). ② Izigaba zokudla eziyishumi okubalwa kuzo ubisi oluyimpuphu, ukhilimu ongawubisi, nemikhiqizo yekhokho, zinezinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa elingu-15.0 g/kg. ③ Iziphuzo ezifriziwe (ngaphandle kweqhwa elidliwayo) zinezinga elingu-0.5 g/kg. ④ Okusanhlama okungahluziwe kunezinga elingu-1.2 g/kg. ⑤ Izinga eliqine kakhulu lisebenza "ekucubunguleni imikhiqizo yesoya (yama-defoamers ayinhlanganisela)", ngokusebenzisa okuphezulu okungama-0.025 g/kg ngekhilogremu yesoya.

Umkhawulo owuqine kakhulu wokusebenzisa usebenza ekucubunguleni imikhiqizo yesoya (yama-defoamers ahlanganisiwe), nomthamo omkhulu ongama-0.025 g/kg kuphela (ubalwa ngekhilogremu ngayinye yesoya).