I. Isingeniso Somkhiqizo Lo mkhiqizo uyisikhubazi-oksijini esisebenza kakhulu esenziwe nge-silicon dioxide esithuthukiswe ngokuzimela yiShandong Zhonglian Chemistry Co., Ltd. Kuyinto esetshenziswa ngokwezifiso eyenzelwe ngokukhethekile izikhubazi-oksijini, ehlose ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinhloko embonini yezikhubazi-oksijini: "umthamo onganele wokumunca umoya-mpilo obangelwa ukwakheka kwezimbotshana okungalungile, impilo emfushane ngenxa yokumelana nomswakama okungalungile, nomphumela wokukhubaza-oksijini ongalingani ngenxa yokusabalala okungalungile". Ngokusekelwe ekulawuleni okunembayo kosayizi wezingxenye ezincane kakhulu (nano-scale) nokwakheka kwezimbotshana, kuhlanganiswe nezinqubo zokulungiselela ezithuthukisiwe njengendlela ye-sol-gel kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokugaya ngomoya, lo mkhiqizo awuxazululi kuphela izinkinga eziyinhloko ze-silicon dioxide yakudala ekusetshenzisweni kwezikhubazi-oksijini, kodwa futhi unokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokusiza ukumunca umoya-mpilo, ukumelana nomswakama, nokuqina komqeqebetshana. Usasetshenziswa kabanzi ekudleni, emithini, ezifuyweni, ezintweni zikagesi, kumishini enembayo nezinye izindawo ezidinga ukukhubaza-oksijini nokugcina, futhi uthunyelwa eYurophu, eMelika, eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia naseMiddle East kanye nezinye izimakethe zamazwe omhlaba. II. Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zomkhiqizo 1. Ukwakheka Kwezimbotshana Okuthuthukisiwe Nomthamo Omkhulu Wokusiza Ukumunca Umoya-mpilo Lo mkhiqizo unendawo eqondile (specific surface area) efanele (≥400 m²/g) nokwakheka kwezimbotshana okungalawulwa (ububanzi bobukhulu bezimbotshana 3-60 nm), okungakwazi ukumunca kahle umswakama emoyeni ngenkathi kuhlinzekwa ngesisekelo esiqinile sezinto ezikhubaza-oksijini (njengempuphu yensimbi, i-activated carbon), kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza nomthamo wokumunca umoya-mpilo wesikhubazi-oksijini. Indlela yayo eyinhloko isekelwe ekusebenziseni indlela ye-template kanye nendlela ye-sol-gel ethuthukisiwe ukulawula ngokunembayo inqubo yokuqala nokukhula kwamatshe amatshe e-silica, ukufeza ukufanisana okunembayo komthamo wezimbotshana nokusatshalaliswa kobukhulu bezimbotshana nezinye izinhlelo zezikhubazi-oksijini. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ngempumelelo indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwezinto ezikhubaza-oksijini nomoya-mpilo, kusheshe isivinini sokuphendula sokukhubaza-oksijini, futhi kuqinisekise umphumela osheshayo nowonke wokukhubaza-oksijini. 2. Ubumsulwa Obuphezulu Nokumelana Nomswakama Okuhle Kakhulu Ngokulandela ngokuqinile izidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zezinto ezisiza izikhubazi-oksijini, lo mkhiqizo unobumsulwa obungu-≥99% kanye nokuqukethwe okuncane kakhulu kwezinto ezingcolile (insimbi esindayo lead ≤0.001%, arsenic ≤0.0003%), okuhambisana ngokuphelele namazinga okudla, imithi, kanye namazinga aphezulu omhlaba. Yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza isebenzisa ukuvikelwa ngegazi elingenamoya (inert gas) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulungiselela izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingcolile kakhulu, okugwema ngokuyisisekelo ukungena kwezinhlayiya ezingcolile ezingathinta umphumela wokukhubaza-oksijini noma zibangele ukungcola. Inokumelana nomswakama okuhle kakhulu nokuqina kwemvelo, ingagcina ubuqotho bomqeqebetshana ezindaweni ezinomswakama (relative humidity ≤80%), ayimunci umswakama futhi ayihlangani, futhi iqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwesikhubazi-oksijini. 3. Ukusabalala Okuhle Kakhulu Nokuhambisana Nezinto Ezikhubaza-oksijini Ngokusekelwe ekusabalaleni kosayizi wezingxenye ezincane kakhulu (nano-scale) okuthuthukisiwe (D50=2-12 μm) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuguqula ubuso, lo mkhiqizo unokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokusabalala futhi ungahlanganiswa ngokulinganayo nezingxenye ezahlukahlukene ezikhubaza-oksijini (njengempuphu yensimbi, i-activated carbon, i-zeolite, njll.). Ungakha uhlelo lokusabalala oluqinile nezingxenye ezikhubaza-oksijini, ugweme ngempumelelo ukuhlangana kwezingxenye ezikhubaza-oksijini ngesikhathi sokugcina nokusebenzisa, uqinisekise ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ekhubaza-oksijini ingathintana ngokugcwele nomoya-mpilo. Kuthuthukisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ezikhubaza-oksijini ngaphezu kuka-35%, futhi kuqinisekisa ukulingana nokuqina komphumela wokukhubaza-oksijini kuyo yonke indawo yokupakisha. 4. Amandla Okwenza Ngokwezifiso Avumelayo Isekela izinsizakalo zokwenza ngokwezifiso ezibhekiswe kumapharamitha abalulekile njengosayizi wezingxenye (2-100 μm), indawo eqondile (300-900 m²/g) kanye nokwakheka kwezimbotshana (3-100 nm). Ngokwezici zenqubo nezidingo zokusebenza zezimo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenzisa izikhubazi-oksijini (njengokupakisha ukudla, ukupakisha imithi, ukugcina izinto zikagesi, ukugcina izifuyo), ihlinzeka ngezixazululo zomkhiqizo ezivumelana kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ezikhubazini-oksijini zokudla, ingenza ngokwezifiso i-silica enosayizi wezingxenye omuhle, enobumsulwa obuphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusabalala; ezikhubazini-oksijini zezinto zikagesi, inganikeza imikhiqizo evimbela umswakama futhi enokuqina okuphezulu ukugwema ukulimala komswakama ezintweni zikagesi. 5. Isiqinisekiso Sesevisi Yezobuchwepheshe Esigcwele Isikhathi Inikeza ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe okuyindawo eyodwa okuhlanganisa ngaphambi kokuthengisa, ngesikhathi sokuthengisa, nangemva kokuthengisa. Ngaphambi kokuthengisa, inganikeza izinsizakalo zokuhlola amasampula enziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nokuhlola ukusebenza kokukhubaza-oksijini; ngesikhathi sokuthengisa, inikeza isiqondiso sezobuchwepheshe ngesilinganiso sokuhlanganisa sezinto ezikhubaza-oksijini ne-silica, kanye nesiqondiso senqubo yokusebenzisa; ngemva kokuthengisa, ithimba lochwepheshe le-R&D lilandelela umphumela wokusebenzisa, lixazulule izinkinga zobuchwepheshe njengokuncipha kokusebenza kokukhubaza-oksijini nokuhlangana, futhi luthuthukise amapharamitha omkhiqizo ngokusekelwe kumpendulo yomsebenzisi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kokusebenza kwesikhubazi-oksijini. III. Isiqinisekiso Samandla Okukhiqiza I-Shandong Zhonglian Chemistry Co., Ltd., eyasungulwa ngo-2022, iyibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu eligxile ku-R&D nokukhiqizwa kwezinto zamakhemikhali eziphakeme, nelungelo lokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle elizimele kanye nezitifiketi eziningi (kuhlanganise nesitifiketi somkhiqizo wokudla, imithi). Le nkampani inezimvume ezimbili eziyinhloko emkhakheni wokulungiswa kwe-silica, okuhlanganisa idivayisi yokugaya ngomoya ephezulu yokukhiqizwa kwe-silica kanye nohlelo lokuthuthukisa oluhlakaniphile lwezinqubo zokuphendula nge-electrochemical, ihlinzeka ngokwesekwa okuqinile kwezobuchwepheshe ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Isisekelo sokukhiqiza samukela ukulawulwa kwenqubo ecwengisiswe kahle, sifakwe izinto zokuhlola ezithuthukisiwe njengezihlaziya usayizi wezingxenye nge-laser, izihlaziya zendawo eqondile nobukhulu bezimbotshana, kanye ne-X-ray fluorescence spectrometers, futhi sakhe izinqubo zokuhlola ezigcwele eziyi-18 ezihlanganisa ukuhlanzwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuhlanganiswa kwesikhashana kuze kube ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo oqediwe. Ithole isitifiketi sohlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi lwe-ISO9001 kanye nesitifiketi sokuphepha sokudla, ukufeza ukulawulwa okujwayelekile kuyo yonke imiqulu kusuka ku-R&D, ukukhiqizwa kuze kube ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi. IV. Izincazelo Zokupakisha Nokuthutha 1. Izincazelo Zokupakisha Ezijwayelekile Kwamukelwa umklamo wokupakisha ojwayelekile ohambisana nezidingo zokupakisha zokudla nemithi, kuhlinzekwa ngezinketho zokupakisha izikhwama zamaphepha e-kraft eziyi-25kg kanye namadubhu ensimbi agalelwe i-zinc angama-50kg ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zenani le-oda nokuthutha. Izinto zokupakisha zenziwe ngezinto ezingenasidingo, ezinganobuthi, ezingangcoli ukuze kugwenywe ukusabela kwamakhemikhali nomkhiqizo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuhlanzeka komkhiqizo. 2. Umklamo Ochwepheshe Wokuvimbela Umswakama Nokuvimbela Ukungcola Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina komkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokuthutha nokugcina, kusebenziswa isixazululo sokuvikela esiphindwe kabili: ungqimba lwangaphakathi lusebenzisa ifilimu ye-PE yokudla enobukhulu obungu-≥0.08mm ukuze kuvalwe umswakama, kanti ungqimba lwangaphandle lusebenzisa izikhwama ezilukiwe eziqinile noma amadubhu ensimbi agalelwe i-zinc ukuze kuvikelwe ukushayisana nokungcola. Emikhiqizweni ethunyelwa ngaphandle, kusetshenziswa ukupakisha kwe-vacuum + ukuthunyelwa kwesitsha ukuvimbela ukungena komswakama nokungcola okuxubile ngesikhathi sokuthutha ibanga elide, kuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ugcina ukusebenza kwawo kwasekuqaleni lapho ufinyelela kumakhasimende. 3. Izidingo Zokugcina Nokuthutha - Izimo zokugcina: Kufanele zigcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile futhi enomoya omuhle, kugwenywe ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (≥40℃) kanye nendawo enomswakama (relative humidity ≤70%), futhi kufanele zigcinwe ngokuhlukile nezinto ezivutha kalula, izinsipho ezinamandla nezi-alkali; - Impilo yeshalofu: izinyanga ezingama-36 ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina ezifanele; - Izici zokuthutha: Lo mkhiqizo uyikhemikhali engenawo ubungozi, usekela ukuthunyelwa ngolwandle, ngomhlaba, ngomoya nezinye izindlela zokuthutha, futhi ungadluliselwa ngokuphepha ezindaweni ezibekwe ngamakhasimende asekhaya naphesheya. Ngesikhathi sokuthutha, kuyadingeka ukugwema ukushayisana okunamandla, imvula nomswakama. 4. Ukulebula Okujwayelekile Wonke umthwalo womkhiqizo uphethwe ngokucophelela ngolwazi lomkhiqizo njengobuntu besikhubazi-oksijini, ubumsulwa, indawo eqondile, ubukhulu bezimbotshana, inombolo yomthwalo wokukhiqiza kanye nempilo yeshalofu; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwemibandela yemithetho yezimakethe ezahlukahlukene zokuthunyelwa kwangaphandle nezindawo zokusebenzisa (ukudla, imithi), izilebula ezinezilimi eziningi kanye namashidi emininingwane yokuphepha (SDS) angakwenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana namazinga okufinyelela emakethe endawo kanye nemithetho yokuphepha. V. Izindawo Zokusebenzisa Ezisebenzayo Lo mkhiqizo usetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezikhubazi-oksijini, uhlanganisa izimboni eziningi nezinye izimo ezidinga ukukhubaza-oksijini, ukuvimbela umswakama nokugcina: 1. Imboni Yokudla Isetshenziswa njengento esiza izikhubazi-oksijini zokudla, esebenza ezintweni ezibhakiwe, amantongomane, izithelo ezomisiwe, imikhiqizo yenyama, amaswidi, imikhiqizo yezinhlamvu namafutha, njll. Isiza izinto ezikhubaza-oksijini ukuthi zimunce ngokushesha umoya-mpilo emaphaketheni, ivimbele ukubola kokudla, ukubola, ukushintsha umbala nokubola, yandise impilo yeshalofu yokudla izikhathi ezi-2-3, futhi igcine ukunambitheka kwasekuqaleni nekhwalithi yokudla. 2. Imboni Yemithi Isetshenziswa ezikhubazini-oksijini zokupakisha imithi, okuhlanganisa amaphilisi, amakhasimende, izimpushana, imijovo nezinye izimpahla zemithi. Ingakwazi ukususa ngempumelelo umoya-mpilo emaphaketheni, ivimbele izithako zemithi ukuthi zingaboli futhi zonakale, iqinisekise ukusebenza nokuzinza kwemithi, futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile zekhwalithi zemboni yemithi. 3. Imboni Yezifuyo Isetshenziswa njengento esiza izikhubazi-oksijini zezifuyo, esebenza ezifuyweni ezixubile ezahlukahlukene, izithako zezifuyo kanye nezifuyo zasemanzini. Ivimbela ukubola kwezifuyo, ukubola nokulahleka kwezakhamzimba ngesikhathi sokugcina, ithuthukisa ikhwalithi yezifuyo, futhi igwema izifo zezilwane ezibangelwa izifuyo ezibolile. 19. Imboni Yezinto Zikagesi Nemishini Enembayo Isetshenziswa ezikhubazini-oksijini zezinto zikagesi nemishini enembayo (njengama-chip, izinzwa, imitha enembayo). Ayisusi kuphela umoya-mpilo emaphaketheni ukuvimbela izingxenye zensimbi ukuthi zingaboli, kodwa futhi inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokuvimbela umswakama, igwema ukulimala komswakama ezintweni zikagesi nemishini enembayo, iqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okujwayelekile nempilo yeshalofu. VI. Isiphetho I-silicon dioxide ye-Shandong Zhonglian Chemistry esetshenziselwa izikhubazi-oksijini ibekwe enkabeni yokuthi "ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokukhubaza-oksijini, ukwandisa isikhathi sokugcina nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo". Ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela obusha, uhlelo oluqinile lokulawula ikhwalithi kanye nethimba lezobuchwepheshe elichwepheshile, ihlinzeka ngezixazululo eziyindawo eyodwa zezikhubazi-oksijini ezinkampanini zezimboni zokudla, imithi, izifuyo, izinto zikagesi nezinye izimboni. Le nkampani izibophezele ekuthuthukiseni imboni yezikhubazi-oksijini ngemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu futhi yamukela ngobuqotho imibuzo nokubambisana okuvela kumakhasimende asekhaya naphesheya.