I. Isingeniso Somkhiqizo Lo mkhiqizo uyisikhubazi-oksijeni esisebenza kakhulu esenziwe yi-Shandong Zhonglian Chemistry Co., Ltd. yodwa. Kuyinto esetshenziswa ngokwezifiso eyenzelwe izikhubazi-oksijeni, ehlose ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinhloko embonini yezikhubazi-oksijeni: "umthamo onganele wokumunca umoya-mpilo ngenxa yesakhiwo sezimbotshana esibi, impilo emfushane ngenxa yokumelana nomswakama okungalungile, kanye nomphumela wokukhubaza umoya-mpilo ongalingani ngenxa yokusabalala okungalungile". Ngokusekelwe ekulawuleni okunembayo kosayizi wezingxenye ezincane kakhulu (nano-scale) nesakhiwo sezimbotshana, kuhlanganiswe nezinqubo zokulungiselela ezithuthukisiwe njengendlela ye-sol-gel kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokugaya ngomoya, lo mkhiqizo awuxazululi kuphela izinkinga eziyinhloko ze-silicon dioxide yakudala ekusetshenzisweni kwezikhubazi-oksijeni, kodwa futhi unokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokusiza ukumunca umoya-mpilo, ukumelana nomswakama, nokuzinza kwesakhiwo. Usasetshenziswa kabanzi ekudleni, emithini, ezifuyweni, ezintweni zikagesi, kumishini enembayo nezinye izindawo ezidinga ukukhubaza umoya-mpilo nokugcina, futhi uthunyelwa eYurophu, eMelika, eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia naseMiddle East kanye nezinye izimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. II. Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zomkhiqizo 1. Isakhiwo Sezimbotshana Esilungisiwe kanye Nomthamo Omkhulu Wokusiza Ukumunca Umoya-mpilo Lo mkhiqizo unendawo eqondile (specific surface area) efanele (≥400 m²/g) nesakhiwo sezimbotshana esingalawulwa (ububanzi bezimbotshana 3-60 nm), esingakwazi ukumunca kahle umswakama emoyeni ngenkathi sihlinzeka ngesisekelo esizinzile sezinto ezikhubaza umoya-mpilo (njengepowdara yensimbi, i-activated carbon), sithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza nomthamo wokumunca umoya-mpilo wesikhubazi-oksijeni. Indlela yayo eyinhloko isekelwe ekusebenziseni indlela ye-template kanye nendlela ye-sol-gel ethuthukisiwe ukulawula ngokunembayo inqubo yokuqala nokukhula kwamatshe amatshe e-silica, ukufeza ukufanisana okunembayo komthamo wezimbotshana nokusatshalaliswa kobubanzi bezimbotshana nezinye izinhlelo zezikhubazi-oksijeni. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ngempumelelo indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwezinto ezikhubaza umoya-mpilo nomoya-mpilo, kusheshe isivinini sokuphendula sokukhubaza umoya-mpilo, futhi kuqinisekise umphumela osheshayo nowuphelele wokukhubaza umoya-mpilo. 2. Ukuhlanzeka Okuphezulu Nokumelana Nomswakama Okuhle Kakhulu Ngokulandela ngokuqinile izidingo eziphakeme zezinto ezisiza izikhubazi-oksijeni, lo mkhiqizo unokuhlanzeka okungu-≥99% kanye nokuqukethwe okuphansi kakhulu kwezinto ezingcolile (insimbi esindayo lead ≤0.001%, arsenic ≤0.0003%), okuhambisana ngokuphelele namazinga okudla, imithi, kanye namazinga aphezulu amazwe ngamazwe. Yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza isebenzisa ukuvikelwa ngegazi elingasebenzi (inert gas) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulungiselela izinto ezingavuthiwe ezihlanzekile, okugwema ngokuyisisekelo ukungena kwezinhlayiya ezingcolile ezingathinta umphumela wokukhubaza umoya-mpilo noma zibangele ukungcola. Inokumelana nomswakama okuhle kakhulu nokuzinza kwemvelo, ingagcina ubuqotho besakhiwo ezindaweni ezinomswakama (relative humidity ≤80%), ayimunci umswakama futhi ayihlangani, futhi iqinisekisa ngokuphelele ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwesikhubazi-oksijeni. 3. Ukusabalala Okuhle Kakhulu Nokuhambisana Nezinto Ezikhubaza Umoya-mpilo Ngokusekelwe ekusatshalalisweni okuhle kakhulu kosayizi wezingxenye ezincane kakhulu (nano-scale) (D50=2-12 μm) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuguqula ubuso, lo mkhiqizo unokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokusabalala futhi ungahlanganiswa ngokulinganayo nezingxenye ezahlukahlukene ezikhubaza umoya-mpilo (njengepowdara yensimbi, i-activated carbon, i-zeolite, njll.). Ungakha uhlelo lokusabalala oluzinzile nezingxenye ezikhubaza umoya-mpilo, ugweme ngempumelelo ukuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye ezikhubaza umoya-mpilo ngesikhathi sokugcina nokusebenzisa, uqinisekise ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye ekhubaza umoya-mpilo ingathintana ngokugcwele nomoya-mpilo. Ithuthukisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezingxenye ezikhubaza umoya-mpilo ngaphezu kuka-35%, futhi iqinisekisa ukulingana nokuzinza komphumela wokukhubaza umoya-mpilo kuso sonke isikhala sokupakisha. 4. Amandla Okwenza Ngokwezifiso Avumelayo Isekela izinsizakalo zokwenza ngokwezifiso ezibhekiswe kumapharamitha abalulekile njengosayizi wezingxenye (2-100 μm), indawo eqondile (300-900 m²/g) kanye nesakhiwo sezimbotshana (3-100 nm). Ngokwezici zenqubo nezidingo zokusebenza zezimo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenzisa izikhubazi-oksijeni (njengokupakisha ukudla, ukupakisha imithi, ukugcina izinto zikagesi, ukugcina izifuyo), ihlinzeka ngezixazululo zomkhiqizo ezivumelana kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ezikhubazini-oksijeni zokudla, ingenza ngokwezifiso i-silica enosayizi omncane wezingxenye, ehlanzekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokusabalala; ezikhubazini-oksijeni zezinto zikagesi, inganikeza imikhiqizo evimbela umswakama futhi ezinzile kakhulu ukugwema ukulimala okubangelwa umswakama ezintweni. 5. Isiqinisekiso Sesevisi Yezobuchwepheshe Esigcwele Isikhathi Iyanikeza ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe okuyisinyathelo esisodwa esihlanganisa ngaphambi kokuthengisa, ngesikhathi sokuthengisa, nangemva kokuthengisa. Ngaphambi kokuthengisa, inganikeza izinsizakalo zokuhlola amasampula enziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nokuhlola ukusebenza kokukhubaza umoya-mpilo; ngesikhathi sokuthengisa, inikeza isiqondiso sezobuchwepheshe ngesilinganiso sokuhlanganisa sezinto ezikhubaza umoya-mpilo ne-silica, kanye nesiqondiso senqubo yokusebenzisa; ngemva kokuthengisa, ithimba lochwepheshe le-R&D lilandelela umphumela wokusebenzisa, lixazulule izinkinga zobuchwepheshe njengokuncipha kokusebenza kokukhubaza umoya-mpilo nokuhlanganiswa, futhi lulungise amapharamitha omkhiqizo ngokusekelwe empendulweni yomsebenzisi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphelele komkhiqizo wesikhubazi-oksijeni. III. Isiqinisekiso Samandla Okukhiqiza I-Shandong Zhonglian Chemistry Co., Ltd., eyasungulwa ngo-2022, iyibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu eligxile ku-R&D kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinto zamakhemikhali eziphakeme, nelungelo lokungenisa nokuthumela ngaphandle elizimele kanye nezitifiketi eziningi (kuhlanganise nesitifiketi somkhiqizo wokudla, imithi). Le nkampani inezimvume ezimbili eziyinhloko emkhakheni wokulungiswa kwe-silica, okuhlanganisa idivayisi enkulu yokugaya ngomoya yokukhiqiza i-silica kanye nohlelo oluhlakaniphile lokulungisa izinqubo zokuphendula kwe-electrochemical, ihlinzeka ngokwesekwa okuqinile kwezobuchwepheshe ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Isisekelo sokukhiqiza samukela ukulawulwa kwenqubo ecokisekile, sihlinzekwa ngemishini ethuthukisiwe yokuhlola njenge-laser particle size analyzers, specific surface area and pore size analyzers, kanye ne-X-ray fluorescence spectrometers, futhi siye sakha izinqubo zokuhlola ezigcwele eziyi-18 ezihlanganisa ukuhlanzwa kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, ukuhlanganiswa kwesikhashana kuze kube ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo oqediwe. Sithole isitifiketi sohlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi lwe-ISO9001 kanye nesitifiketi sokuphepha sokudla, siqaphela ukulawulwa okujwayelekile kuyo yonke iminyaka kusukela ku-R&D, ukukhiqiza kuze kube ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi. IV. Izincazelo Zokupakisha Nokuthutha 1. Izincazelo Zokupakisha Ezijwayelekile Kwamukelwa umklamo wokupakisha ojwayelekile ohambisana nezidingo zokupakisha zokudla nemithi, kuhlinzekwa ngezinketho zokupakisha izikhwama zamaphepha e-kraft eziyi-25kg kanye namadreyi ensimbi agalelwe i-zinc ayi-50kg ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zezinamba zama-oda nokuthutha. Izinto zokupakisha zenziwe ngezinto ezingasebenzi, ezinganobuthi futhi ezingangcoli ukuze kugwenywe ukusabela kwamakhemikhali nomkhiqizo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuhlanzeka komkhiqizo. 2. Umklamo Ochwepheshe Wokuvimbela Umswakama Nokungangcoli Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza komkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokuthutha nokugcina, kusebenziswa isixazululo sokuvikela esiphindwe kabili: ungqimba lwangaphakathi lusebenzisa ifilimu ye-PE yokudla enobubanzi obungu-≥0.08mm ukuze kuvalwe umswakama, kanti ungqimba lwangaphandle lusebenzisa izikhwama ezilukiwe eziqinile noma amadreyi ensimbi agalelwe i-zinc ukuze kuvikelwe ukushayisana nokungcola. Emikhiqizweni ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kusetshenziswa ukupakisha kwe-vacuum + ukuthunyelwa kwesitsha ukuze kugwenywe ukungena komswakama nokungcola okuxubile ngesikhathi sokuthutha ibanga elide, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umkhiqizo ugcina ukusebenza kwawo kwasekuqaleni lapho ufika kumakhasimende. 3. Izidingo Zokugcina Nokuthutha - Izimo zokugcina: Kufanele zigcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile futhi enomoya omuhle, kugwenywe ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (≥40℃) kanye nendawo enomswakama (relative humidity ≤70%), futhi kufanele zigcinwe ngokuhlukile nezinto ezikhubaza umoya-mpilo, izinsipho ezinamandla kanye ne-alkalis; - Impilo yeshalofu: izinyanga ezingama-36 ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina ezifanele; - Izici zokuthutha: Lo mkhiqizo uyikhemikhali engadali ingozi, usekela ukuthunyelwa ngolwandle, ngomhlaba, ngomoya nezinye izindlela zokuthutha, futhi ungadluliselwa ngokuphepha ezindaweni ezibekwe ngamakhasimende asekhaya naphesheya. Ngesikhathi sokuthutha, kuyadingeka ukugwema ukushayisana kakhulu, imvula nomswakama. 4. Ukulebula Okujwayelekile Wonke umthwalo womkhiqizo uphethwe ngokucophelela ngolwazi lomkhiqizo njengobuntu besikhubazi-oksijeni, ukuhlanzeka, indawo eqondile, ububanzi bezimbotshana, inombolo yomthwalo wokukhiqiza kanye nempilo yeshalofu; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwemibandela yemithetho yezimakethe ezahlukene zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nezindawo zokusebenzisa (ukudla, imithi), izilebula zezilimi eziningi kanye namashidi emininingwane yokuphepha (SDS) angalungiswa ngokwezifiso ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana namazinga okufinyelela emakethe endawo kanye nemithetho yokuphepha. V. Izindawo Zokusebenzisa Ezisebenzayo Lo mkhiqizo usetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezikhubazi-oksijeni, uhlanganisa izimboni eziningi nezigameko ezidinga ukukhubaza umoya-mpilo, ukuvimbela umswakama nokugcina: 1. Imboni Yokudla Usasetshenziswa njengento esiza izikhubazi-oksijeni zokudla, ezisebenza ezintweni ezibhakiwe, amantongomane, izithelo ezomisiwe, imikhiqizo yenyama, amaswidi, imikhiqizo yezinhlamvu namafutha, njll. Usiza izinto ezikhubaza umoya-mpilo ukuba zikwazi ukumunca ngokushesha umoya-mpilo esikhwameni, uvimbele ukubola kokudla, ukubola, ukushintsha umbala nokubola, wandise impilo yeshalofu yokudla izikhathi ezi-2-3, futhi ugcine ukunambitheka kwasekuqaleni kanye nekhwalithi yokudla. 2. Imboni Yemithi Usasetshenziswa ezikhubazini-oksijeni zokupakisha imithi, okuhlanganisa amaphilisi, amakhasimende, izimpushana, imijovo nezinye izimpahla zemithi. Ungakwazi ukususa kahle umoya-mpilo esikhwameni, uvimbele izithako zemithi ukuba zingaboli futhi zingonakali, uqinisekise ukusebenza nokuzinza kwemithi, futhi uhlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile zekhwalithi zemboni yemithi. 3. Imboni Yezifuyo Usasetshenziswa njengento esiza izikhubazi-oksijeni zezifuyo, ezisebenza ezifuyweni ezixubile ezahlukahlukene, izithako zezifuyo kanye nezifuyo zasemanzini. Kuvimbela ukubola kwezifuyo, ukubola kanye nokulahleka kwezinto ezibalulekile ngesikhathi sokugcina, kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezifuyo, futhi kugwenywe izifo zezilwane ezibangelwa izifuyo ezibolile. 22. Imboni Yezinto Zikagesi Nemishini Enembayo Usasetshenziswa ezikhubazini-oksijeni zezinto zikagesi nemishini enembayo (njengezichiphu, izinzwa, imitha enembayo). Akusona kuphela ukuthi ususa umoya-mpilo esikhwameni ukuze uvimbele izingxenye zensimbi ukuba zingaboli, kodwa futhi unokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokuvimbela umswakama, ugweme ukulimala okubangelwa umswakama ezintweni zikagesi nemishini enembayo, uqinisekise ukusebenza kwawo okujwayelekile kanye nempilo yeshalofu. VI. Isiphetho I-silicon dioxide ye-Shandong Zhonglian Chemistry eyenzelwe izikhubazi-oksijeni ibekwe enkabeni yokuthi "ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokukhubaza umoya-mpilo, ukwandisa isikhathi sokugcina nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo". Ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela obusha, uhlelo oluqinile lokulawula ikhwalithi kanye nethimba lezobuchwepheshe elichwepheshile, lihlinzeka ngezixazululo eziyisinyathelo esisodwa zezinto ezisiza izikhubazi-oksijeni ezinkampanini ezisembonini yokudla, imithi, izifuyo, izinto zikagesi nezinye izimboni. Le nkampani izibophezele ekuthuthukiseni imboni yezikhubazi-oksijeni ngemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu futhi yamukela ngobuqotho imibuzo kanye nokubambisana okuvela kumakhasimende asekhaya naphesheya.