I. Isingeniso Somkhiqizo Lo mkhiqizo uyisikhubazi-oksijini esisebenza kakhulu esenziwe ngesikhathi esisodwa yiShandong Zhonglian Chemistry Co., Ltd. Kuyinto esetshenziswayo eyenziwe ngokwezifiso eyenzelwe ngokukhethekile izikhubazi-oksijini, okuhloswe ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinhloko embonini yezikhubazi-oksijini: "umthamo onganele wokumunca umoya-mpilo obangelwa ukwakheka kwezimbotshana okungalungile, impilo emfushane ngenxa yokumelana nomswakama okungalungile, kanye nomphumela wokukhubaza-oksijini ongalingani ngenxa yokusabalala okungalungile". Ngokusekelwe ekulawuleni okunembayo kosayizi wezingxenye ezincane kakhulu (nano-scale) nokwakheka kwezimbotshana, kuhlanganiswe nezinqubo zokulungiselela ezithuthukisiwe njengendlela ye-sol-gel kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokugaya ngomoya, lo mkhiqizo awuxazululi kuphela izinkinga eziyinhloko zesilicon dioxide yendabuko ezinhlelweni zezikhubazi-oksijini kodwa futhi unokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokusiza ukumunca umoya-mpilo, ukumelana nomswakama, nokuzinza kwezakhiwo. Usasetshenziswa kabanzi ekudleni, emithini, ekudleni kwezilwane, ezintweni zikagesi, kumishini enembayo nezinye izindawo ezidinga ukukhubaza-oksijini nokugcina, futhi uthunyelwa eYurophu, eMelika, eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia naseMiddle East kanye nezinye izimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe. II. Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko Zomkhiqizo 1. Ukwakheka Kwezimbotshana Okuthuthukisiwe kanye Nomthamo Omkhulu Wokusiza Ukumunca Umoya-mpilo Lo mkhiqizo unendawo eqondile (specific surface area) efanele (≥400 m²/g) nokwakheka kwezimbotshana okulawulekayo (ububanzi bobukhulu bezimbotshana 3-60 nm), okungakwazi ukumunca kahle umswakama emoyeni ngenkathi kuhlinzekwa ngesisekelo esizinzile sezinto ezikhubaza-oksijini (njengempuphu yensimbi, i-activated carbon), kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza nomthamo wokumunca umoya-mpilo wesikhubazi-oksijini. Indlela yayo eyinhloko isekelwe ekusebenziseni indlela ye-template kanye nendlela ye-sol-gel ethuthukisiwe ukulawula ngokunembayo inqubo yokuqala nokukhula kwamatshe amatshe e-silica, ukufeza ukufanisana okunembayo komthamo wezimbotshana nokusatshalaliswa kobukhulu bezimbotshana nezinye izinhlelo zezikhubazi-oksijini. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ngempumelelo indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwezinto ezikhubaza-oksijini nomoya-mpilo, kusheshe isivinini sokuphendula sokukhubaza-oksijini, futhi kuqinisekise umphumela osheshayo nowonke wokukhubaza-oksijini. 2. Ubumsulwa Obuphezulu Nokumelana Nomswakama Okuhle Kakhulu Ngokulandela ngokuqinile izidingo eziphakeme zezinto ezisetshenziswa njengezikhubazi-oksijini, lo mkhiqizo unobumsulwa obungu-≥99% kanye nokuqukethwe okuphansi kakhulu kwezinto ezingenasidingo (insimbi esindayo lead ≤0.001%, arsenic ≤0.0003%), okuhambisana ngokuphelele namazinga kazwelonke okudla, imithi, namazinga aphezulu amazwe ngamazwe. Yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza isebenzisa ukuvikelwa ngesikhala segesi esingasebenzi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulungiselela izinto ezingenasidingo eziphakeme kakhulu, okugwema ngokuyisisekelo ukungena kwezinhlayiya ezingenasidingo ezingathinta umphumela wokukhubaza-oksijini noma zibangele ukungcola. Inokumelana nomswakama okuhle kakhulu nokuzinza kwemvelo, ingagcina ubuqotho bezakhiwo endaweni enomswakama (umswakama ohlobene ≤80%), ayimunci umswakama futhi ayihlangani, futhi iqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwesikhubazi-oksijini. 3. Ukusabalala Okuhle Kakhulu Nokuhambisana Nezinto Ezikhubaza-oksijini Ngokusekelwe ekusabalaleni kosayizi wezingxenye ezincane kakhulu okuthuthukisiwe (D50=2-12 μm) kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuguqula ubuso, lo mkhiqizo unokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokusabalala futhi ungahlanganiswa ngokulinganayo nezingxenye ezahlukahlukene ezikhubaza-oksijini (njengempuphu yensimbi, i-activated carbon, i-zeolite, njll.). Ungakha uhlelo lokusabalala oluzinzile nezingxenye ezikhubaza-oksijini, ugweme ngempumelelo ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezikhubaza-oksijini ngesikhathi sokugcina nokusebenzisa, uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izinto ezikhubaza-oksijini zingathintana ngokugcwele nomoya-mpilo. Kuthuthukisa izinga lokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezikhubaza-oksijini ngaphezu kuka-35%, futhi kuqinisekisa ukulingana nokuzinza komphumela wokukhubaza-oksijini kuso sonke isikhala sokupakisha. 4. Amandla Okwenza Ngokwezifiso Avumelayo Kusekela izinsizakalo zokwenza ngokwezifiso ezibhekiswe kumapharamitha abalulekile njengosayizi wezingxenye (2-100 μm), indawo eqondile (300-900 m²/g) nokwakheka kwezimbotshana (3-100 nm). Ngokwezici zenqubo nezidingo zokusebenza zezimo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenzisa izikhubazi-oksijini (njengokupakisha ukudla, ukupakisha imithi, ukugcina izinto zikagesi, ukugcina izinto zokudla kwezilwane), kuhlinzekwa izixazululo zomkhiqizo ezivumelana kakhulu. Isibonelo, ezikhubazini-oksijini zokudla, kungakwenziwa ngokwezifiso i-silica enosayizi wezingxenye ezincane, enobumsulwa obuphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokusabalala; ezikhubazini-oksijini zezinto zikagesi, kungahlinzekwa imikhiqizo evikela umswakama futhi ezizinzile kakhulu ukugwema ukulimala okubangelwa umswakama ezintweni. 5. Isiqinisekiso Sesevisi Yezobuchwepheshe Esigcwele Isikhathi Kuhlinzekwa ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe okuyindawo eyodwa okuhlanganisa ngaphambi kokuthengisa, ngesikhathi sokuthengisa, nangemva kokuthengisa. Ngaphambi kokuthengisa, kungahlinzekwa izinsizakalo zokuhlola amasampula enziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nokuhlola ukusebenza kokukhubaza-oksijini; ngesikhathi sokuthengisa, kuhlinzekwa isiqondiso sezobuchwepheshe esihlobene nesilinganiso sokuhlanganisa izinto ezikhubaza-oksijini ne-silica, kanye nesiqondiso senqubo yokusebenzisa; ngemva kokuthengisa, ithimba lochwepheshe le-R&D lilandelela umphumela wokusebenzisa, lixazulule izinkinga zobuchwepheshe njengokuncipha kokusebenza kokukhubaza-oksijini nokuhlanganiswa, futhi luthuthukise amapharamitha omkhiqizo ngokusekelwe empendulweni yomsebenzisi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphelele kwesikhubazi-oksijini. III. Isiqinisekiso Samandla Okukhiqiza I-Shandong Zhonglian Chemistry Co., Ltd., eyasungulwa ngo-2022, iyibhizinisi lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu eligxile ku-R&D kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinto zamakhemikhali eziphakeme, elinamalungelo okungenisa nokuthekelisa azimele kanye nezitifiketi eziningi (kuhlanganise nesitifiketi somkhiqizo wokudla, imithi). Le nkampani inezimvume ezimbili eziyinhloko emkhakheni wokulungiselela i-silica, okuhlanganisa idivayisi yokugaya ngomoya ephezulu yokukhiqiza i-silica kanye nohlelo lokuthuthukisa oluhlakaniphile lwezinqubo zokuphendula nge-electrochemical, okuhlinzeka ngesekelo lobuchwepheshe eliqinile ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Isisekelo sokukhiqiza samukela ukulawulwa kwenqubo eyenziwe kahle, sihlinzekwa ngemishini yokuhlola ethuthukisiwe njenge-laser particle size analyzers, specific surface area and pore size analyzers, kanye ne-X-ray fluorescence spectrometers, futhi siye sakha izinqubo zokuhlola ezigcwele eziyi-18 ezihlanganisa ukuhlanzwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuhlanganiswa kwesikhashana kuze kube ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo oqediwe. Kutholwe isitifiketi sohlelo lokuphatha ikhwalithi lwe-ISO9001 kanye nesitifiketi sokuphepha sokudla, kufezekiswe ukulawulwa okujwayelekile kuyo yonke iminyaka kusuka ku-R&D, ukukhiqiza kuze kube ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi. IV. Izincazelo Zokupakisha Nokuthutha 1. Izincazelo Zokupakisha Ezijwayelekile Ukusebenzisa umklamo wokupakisha ojwayelekile ohambisana nezidingo zokupakisha zokudla nemithi, kuhlinzekwa izinketho zokupakisha izikhwama zamaphepha e-kraft eziyi-25kg kanye namabhodlela ensimbi agalelweyo angu-50kg ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zezinani le-oda nezokuthutha. Izinto zokupakisha zenziwe ngezinto ezingasebenzi, ezinganobuthi, ezingangcoli ukuze kugwenywe ukusabela kwamakhemikhali nomkhiqizo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokumsulwa komkhiqizo. 2. Umklamo Ochwepheshe Wokuvikela Umswakama Nokungcola Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza komkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokuthutha nokugcina, kusebenziswe isixazululo sokuvikela esiphindwe kabili: ungqimba lwangaphakathi lusebenzisa ifilimu ye-PE yokudla enobukhulu obungu-≥0.08mm ukuze kuvalwe umswakama, kanti ungqimba lwangaphandle lusebenzisa izikhwama ezilukiwe eziqinile noma amabhodlela ensimbi agalelweyo ukuze kuvikelwe ukungqubuzana nokungcola. Emikhiqizweni ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, kusetshenziswa ukupakisha kwe-vacuum + ukuthunyelwa kwesitsha ukuze kugwenywe ukungena komswakama nokungcola okuhlangene ngesikhathi sokuthutha ibanga elide, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umkhiqizo ugcina ukusebenza kwawo kwasekuqaleni lapho ufika kumakhasimende. 3. Izidingo Zokugcina Nokuthutha - Izimo zokugcina: Kufanele zigcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile futhi enomoya omuhle, kugwenywe ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (≥40℃) kanye nendawo enomswakama (umswakama ohlobene ≤70%), futhi kufanele kugcinwe ngokuhlukile nezinto ezibangela ukubola, izinsipho ezinamandla kanye ne-alkalis; - Impilo yeshalofu: izinyanga ezingama-36 ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina ezifanele; - Izici zokuthutha: Lo mkhiqizo uyikhemikhali engayona ingozi, usekela ukuthunyelwa ngolwandle, ngomhlaba, ngomoya nezinye izindlela zokuthutha, futhi ungadluliselwa ngokuphepha ezindaweni eziboniswe amakhasimende asekhaya naphesheya. Ngesikhathi sokuthutha, kuyadingeka ukugwema ukungqubuzana okunamandla, imvula nomsakazane. 4. Ukulebula Okujwayelekile Wonke umthwalo womkhiqizo wokupakisha ubhalwe ngokuqinile ngolwazi lomkhiqizo njengobumsulwa, indawo eqondile, ubukhulu bezimbotshana, inombolo yomthwalo wokukhiqiza kanye nempilo yeshalofu; ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwemibandela yemithetho yezimakethe ezahlukene zokuthekelisa kanye nezindawo zokusebenzisa (ukudla, imithi), kungakwenziwa ngokwezifiso amalebula emilimi eminingi kanye namashidi edatha yokuphepha (SDS) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana namazinga okufinyelela emakethe endawo kanye nemithetho yokuphepha. V. Izindawo Zokusebenzisa Ezisebenzayo Lo mkhiqizo usetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wezikhubazi-oksijini, uhlanganisa izimboni eziningi nezinye izimo ezidinga ukukhubaza-oksijini, ukuvimbela umswakama nokugcina: 1. Imboni Yokudla Kusetshenziswa njengento esetshenziswayo ezikhubazini-oksijini zokudla, okusebenzayo ezintweni ezibhakiwe, amantongomane, izithelo ezomisiwe, imikhiqizo yenyama, uswidi, imikhiqizo yezinhlamvu namafutha, njll. Kusekela izinto ezikhubaza-oksijini ukuthi zikwazi ukumunca ngokushesha umoya-mpilo ekupakisheni, kugwenywe ukubola kokudla, ukubola, ukushintsha umbala nokubola, kwandiswe impilo yeshalofu yokudla izikhathi ezi-2-3, futhi kugcinwe ukunambitheka kwezinto zokudla nekhwalithi yazo yasekuqaleni. 2. Imboni Yemithi Kusetshenziswa ezikhubazini-oksijini zokupakisha imithi, okuhlanganisa amaphilisi, amakhasimende, izimpushana, imijovo nezinye izimpahla zemithi. Kungakwazi ukususa ngempumelelo umoya-mpilo ekupakisheni, kugwenywe ukubola kwezithako zemithi, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza nokuzinza kwemithi, futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zekhwalithi eziqinile zemboni yemithi. 3. Imboni Yokudla Kwezilwane Kusetshenziswa njengento esetshenziswayo ezikhubazini-oksijini zokudla kwezilwane, okusebenzayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto zokudla ezihlanganisiwe, izithako zokudla kwezilwane kanye nezokudla kwezilwane zasemanzini. Kuvimbela ukubola kokudla kwezilwane, ukubola kanye nokulahleka kwezakhiwo ngesikhathi sokugcina, kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokudla kwezilwane, futhi kugwenywe izifo zezilwane ezibangelwa ukudla kwezilwane okubolile. 29. Imboni Yezinto Zikagesi Nemishini Enembayo Kusetshenziswa ezikhubazini-oksijini zezinto zikagesi nemishini enembayo (njengezinhlamvu, izinzwa, imitha enembayo). Akusona kuphela ukuthi kususa umoya-mpilo ekupakisheni ukuze kugwenywe ukubola kwezingxenye zensimbi kodwa futhi inokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokuvikela umswakama, kugwenywe ukulimala okubangelwa umswakama ezintweni zikagesi nemishini enembayo, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwazo okujwayelekile kanye nempilo yazo. VI. Isiphetho I-silicon dioxide ye-Shandong Zhonglian Chemistry eyenzelwe izikhubazi-oksijini ibekwe enhliziyweni ye-"ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokukhubaza-oksijini, ukwandisa isikhathi sokugcina nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo". Ngokusekelwe kubuchwepheshe bokulungiselela obusha, uhlelo oluqinile lokulawula ikhwalithi kanye nethimba lezobuchwepheshe elichwepheshile, kuhlinzekwa izixazululo eziyindawo eyodwa zezikhubazi-oksijini ezinkampanini zezimboni zokudla, imithi, izokudla kwezilwane, izinto zikagesi nezinye izimboni. Le nkampani izibophezele ekuthuthukiseni imboni yezikhubazi-oksijini ngemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu futhi yamukela ngobuqotho imibuzo kanye nokubambisana okuvela kumakhasimende asekhaya naphesheya.