I-E551 I-Ajenti Elivimbela Ukunqwabelana Wokudla Osezingeni Lokudla
I-E551 I-Ajenti Elivimbela Ukunqwabelana Wokudla Osezingeni Lokudla

I-E551 I-Ajenti Elivimbela Ukunqwabelana Wokudla Osezingeni Lokudla

FOB
I-MOQ:
10T
Indlela yokuthumela:
ukuthutha olwandle
Inani (izinto):
10
Imininingwane yemithombo
Imibuzo evamile
Imininingwane enzuzo
Inani (izinto):10
I-MOQ:10T
Isikhathi sokuthumela:15Days
Indlela yokuthumela:ukuthutha olwandle
inombela yokucaciswa:Silica ZLSIL
Incazelo yeziphakethe:Isikhwama esilukiwe noma ukupakishwa kwesikhwama se-valve
Ukubonisa umlingani
I-Silica Ekhishwe Ngokujwayelekile Yezinjongo Ezihlukahlukene Izinga elilodwa kuzo zonke izinto zokudla, ukunakekelwa komlomo, imithi kanye nezimonyo — ilungiselelwe iBrazil neLatin America Izinga elilodwa lezimboni eziningi le-silica ehlanzekile kakhulu enamanzi, ekhiqizwa ngokuhlehla okulawulwayo. Yakhelwe ukuhlangabezana nezilinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe kanye, ngasikhathi sinye, nemibhalo abalawuli baseBrazil abayilindele — ukuze umakhi wemithi akwazi ukufanelekisa into eyodwa esikhundleni ezine. Izinga lisebenza imikhakha emine eyinhloko: ukukhiqizwa kokudla, ukunakekelwa komlomo, izithako zemithi kanye nezimonyo zokunakekela umuntu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni kanye nokwengeza ekudleni kwesilwane kusekelwa njengezinhlelo zokusetshenziswa zesibili. Usayizi wezinhlayiyana, ukwakheka kwezimbobo kanye namazinga okungcola konke kuyalungiseka, ngakho abathengi akudingeki ukuthi bathole futhi bafanelekise i-silica ehlukile kumugqa ngamunye wokukhiqiza. Kubakhiqizi nabanikazi bamabhrendi eBrazil nakulo lonke elaseLatin America, umphumela ongokoqobo ukuncipha kwama-SKU, ukuphathwa kwempahla okulula kanye nomsebenzi omncane wokufanelekisa. Umkhiqizi I-Zhongqi Shandong Silicon Material Co., Ltd. ikhiqiza i-silica ekhishwe ngokujwayelekile esebenza kahle eShandong, eChina. Inkampani iyibhizinisi likazwelonke lobuchwepheshe obuphezulu futhi inamalungelo obunikazi azimele ayisishiyagalombili ahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-silica. Imigqa yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo eyisithupha inika umthamo wonyaka ongaphezu kwamathani angu-80,000, okusekela ukunikezwa okungaguquki kwamanani amakhulu. I-silica yezinjongo ezijwayelekile isebenza ngaphansi kokuphathwa okusekelwe ku-GMP. Imikhiqizo yezinga lokudla neyemithi yenziwa endaweni evaliwe ukuvimbela ukungcola okuhlanganayo. Ukulandeleka kuhlanganisa ukungeniswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukusabela, ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo ophelile, ukupakisha kanye nokuthunyelwa. Iqoqo ngalinye linombhalo walo, futhi amarekhodi okukhiqiza nawokuhlola angemuva kwalowo mbhalo agcinwa ukuze ahlolwe. Kumakhasimende aseBrazil sinikeza i-Technical Data Sheet (TDS), i-Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), i-Certificate of Analysis (COA) kanye nemibiko yokuqinisekiswa kwezindlela. Ithimba lethu lobuchwepheshe lisekela amadokhumenti okubhalisa e-ANVISA kanye nezimemezelo zokuhambisana nokungenisa, futhi lingahlela ukugunyazwa kwemibhalo kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwamanxusa lapho indlela yokubhalisa ikudinga — umsebenzi ovamise ukususa umgoqo wemibhalo ohlelweni lokwethula. Impahla isivele inikezwa eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika naseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia, futhi izicaciso zilungiselelwe izimo zokusetshenziswa nezomthetho zaseBrazil. Usayizi wezinhlayiyana, indawo ekhonjwe ngaphezulu kanye nokumuncwa kukawoyela kuyalungiseka. Amakhasimende ahlanganisa amaqembu amakhulu e-FMCG asebenza eBrazil kanye nabaholi bendawo kwezokudla, ukunakekelwa komlomo, imithi, izimonyo, ukudla kwesilwane kanye nokucubungula kwezimboni. Izicaciso zobuchwepheshe — izinga elijwayelekile lomhlaba wonke Amanani ajwayelekile ngezansi. Ipharamitha ngayinye ingalungiselelwa uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kanye nokwakheka. Into Izinga Amanothi Okuqukethwe kwe-SiO₂ (ngokushiswa) ≥ 97.5% Isakhiwo esinamanzi esingenakho ukwakheka; akukho silica ecwebezelayo etholakele nge-X-ray diffraction Ukulahleka ngesikhathi sokushiswa (1000 °C, ihora eli-1) ≤ 8.0% Okuqukethwe kwamanzi aboshiwe kanye nokuzinza kokushisa Ukomisa (njengoba kupakishiwe, 105 °C, amahora ama-2) 3.0 – 5.5% Kubekelwe ukunciphisa ukunqwabelana nokwakheka kukagesi I-pH (i-5% yokumiswa kwamanzi) 6.5 – 7.3 Ecishe ibe phakathi; ihambisana nezinhlobo eziningi zokwakheka Ukuminyana kwesamba 0.20 – 0.28 g/cm³ Kuyalungiseka kumishini ehlukene yokudla nokuxuba Ukumuncwa kukawoyela kwe-DBP 80 – 120 cm³/100 g Kubekelwe umsebenzi wokuqinisa, ukumunca noma ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana Usayizi wezinhlayiyana ophakathi (D50) 10 – 15 μm Kuyalungiseka kusuka ku-2 μm kuya ku-25 μm Indawo ekhonjwe nge-BET 100 – 140 m²/g Isakhiwo sezimbobo silungiselelwe umsebenzi wokuthwala nokumunca Ukumhlophe (CIE L*) ≥ 97.5 Inani le-RDA (ukunakekelwa komlomo) 120 – 150 Kuyalungiseka ngamazinga ahlukene okumhlophe; ngaphansi kwezinga le-RDA elingu-250 lokuholwa kukakolgate wansuku zonke (ISO 11609) Izinsimbi ezisindayo i-As ≤ 1 ppm, i-Pb ≤ 2 ppm, i-Hg ≤ 0.5 ppm Imikhawulo ibekelwe ukusetshenziswa kokudla, ukunakekelwa komlomo kanye nemithi; imiphumela yeqoqo ibikwa ku-COA Inani eliphelele le-aerobic plate ≤ 50 cfu/g Kuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinto eziphilayo zokusetshenziswa kokudla, imithi kanye nezimonyo Into eyinhloko I-silica enamanzi ekhishwe ngokujwayelekile Ayisebenzi ngamakhemikhali futhi izinzile ekwakheni; ukuhlukaniswa kwengozi ngokwe-SDS yomkhiqizo Ukupakisha okujwayelekile Isikhwama sephepha le-kraft elingangenisi amanzi lezinga lokuthumela ngaphandle lika-10 / 15 / 20 kg eline-PE ngaphakathi Ukupakisha okwezifiso nokulebula kwangasese kuyatholakala Imigomo yokuhweba FOB Qingdao / CIF Santos / CFR Rio de Janeiro / DDP emadolobheni amakhulu aseBrazil Izixazululo eziguquguqukayo zezinhlelo ezahlukene zokungenisa Izitifiketi nemibhalo yezomthetho Zonke izitifiketi zikhishwa izikhungo zangaphandle futhi zivuselelwa ngokuhlolwa konyaka kokugada. Zisekela ukukhishwa kwempahla emakasthomweni, ukufinyelela emakethe kanye namadokhumenti okubhalisa e-silica engeniswa eBrazil. 1.I-USP/NF Silicon Dioxide monograph — ikhiqizwe ngokwe-United States Pharmacopeia monograph; isebenza ekusetshenzisweni kwezithako zemithi nezinga lokudla, futhi isekela ukubhalisa kwe-ANVISA kwezemithi nokudla. 2.I-ISO 22000:2018 — uhlelo lokuphathwa kokuphepha kokudla olusetshenziswa kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza. 3.I-GMP yezinto zokusetshenziswa zezimonyo nemithi — ukuphathwa kwendawo yokusebenzela kuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-GMP zokukhiqiza imithi nezimonyo. 4.I-ISO 9001:2015 — isitifiketi sokuphathwa kwekhwalithi kuyo yonke inqubo. 5.I-SHC HALAL — isitifiketi se-halal semakethe yokudla nezimonyo ye-halal yaseBrazil. 6.I-OU KOSHER — isitifiketi se-kosher sokukhiqiza kokudla nezimonyo kwe-kosher. 7.I-FDA 21 CFR yokuhambisana nokudla okuthintana nakho — ihambisana nezidingo ze-US FDA 21 CFR zezinto zokudla ezithintana nazo, ezamukelwa kabanzi njengesisekelo sokuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kokudla okuthintana nakho eBrazil. 8.I-FAMI-QS — ihambisana nohlelo lwekhwalithi lwe-EU lokwengeza ekudleni kwesilwane; isekela ukubhalisa kwe-MAPA kwezithako zokudla kwesilwane. 9.Amalungelo obunikazi kazwelonke ayisishiyagalombili okukhiqiza i-silica ekhishwe ngokujwayelekile — impahla yobuhlakani ezimele ehlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza. 10.Ibhizinisi Likazwelonke Lobuchwepheshe Obuphezulu (eChina) — ukuqashelwa okusemthethweni kwekhono le-R&D. Izici eziyinhloko zomkhiqizo 1. Ukuhlanzeka nokulawulwa kokungcola Ukuhlanzeka kufinyelela ku-≥ 97.5% SiO₂ ngokushiswa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukuhlanzwa okwizigaba eziningi kanye nokukhiqiza okuvaliwe. I-Arsenic, i-lead kanye ne-mercury zibanjwa emikhawulweni ekuthebula elingenhla, futhi izibalo zezinto eziphilayo zilawulwa zokusetshenziswa kokudla, ukunakekelwa komlomo kanye nezimonyo. Iqoqo ngalinye lihlolwa ngokuphelele ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa, futhi irekhodi lokuhlola lihamba neqoqo — okuyikho okwenza impahla isetshenziswe emikhiqizweni engaphansi kwezidingo zezempilo nokuphepha ze-ANVISA. 2. Ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali nokuhambisana kokwakheka I-silica enamanzi ekhishwe ngokujwayelekile izinzile ngamakhemikhali futhi ayisebenzi ngaphansi kwezimo eziphakathi noma ezine-asidi elula noma i-alkaline, futhi ayisabeli nezithako ezisebenzayo kanye nezinto eziyisisekelo ezivame ukusetshenziswa kulezi zinhlelo. Ihambisana nezinhlelo ze-fluoride (i-sodium fluoride, i-sodium monofluorophosphate) ekunakekelweni komlomo, nama-API ezinhlotsheni zemithi eqinile, namavithamini nezithako zokudla, kanye nama-emollient, izilondolozi nezinto ezisebenzayo ezimonyweni. Ukumuncwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo kuphansi ekusetshenzisweni okujwayelekile; sisatusa ukuhlolwa okufushane kokuhambisana kufomula yekhasimende ngaphambi kokukhulisa. 3. Amapharamitha alungisekayo nezinga lezifiso Amathimba ethu e-R&D nawobuchwepheshe alungisa ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana, ukwakheka kwezimbobo, ukumuncwa kukawoyela, ukuminyana kwesamba kanye nenani le-RDA ukuze kuhambisane nokusetshenziswa kanye nokuma komkhiqizo ophelile. Lokho kuhlanganisa ukuxubha okuphezulu kokumhlophe kukakolgate okudinga amandla okuhlanza, amazinga okudla okuvimbela ukunqwabelana adinga ukugeleza, ama-glidant emithi adinga imibhalo ephelele yokuphepha, kanye namazinga ezimonyo okumisa adinga umuzwa wesikhumba. Ukusekelwa kusuka ekuhlolweni kwesampula kuya ekuqinisekisweni kokukhulisa. 4. Ukungaguquki kweqoqo neqoqo Usayizi wezinhlayiyana, i-pH nokumhlophe kuqashwa ku-inthanethi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza, futhi ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kusuka ezintweni ezingenayo kuya ezintweni eziphelile. Ukuphambuka phakathi kwamaqoqo kubanjwa ngaphakathi kwebhendi elincane, ngakho amakhasimende akudingeki ukuthi alungise kabusha amafomula njalo lapho kufika iqoqo elisha. Lokho kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa futhi kusekela ukukhiqiza okukhulu okuqhubekayo. Kungani leli zinga lifaneleka emakethe yaseBrazil 1. Izinga elilodwa elifanelekile emikhakheni emine Ukudla, ukunakekelwa komlomo, imithi kanye nezimonyo kwabelana ngento efanayo eyisisekelo, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni nokudla kwesilwane kusekelwa eceleni. Kumaqembu aseBrazil aqhuba amabhizinisi amaningi, ukufanelekisa okukodwa kuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa komhlinzeki, ukuhlolwa kokungena kanye nokuhlelwa kwempahla yemigqa eminingi yemikhiqizo — futhi kunciphisa inani lama-SKU aphethwe. 2. Ukusekelwa kwemibhalo yokungena emakethe Iqoqo lesitifiketi lamukelwa kabanzi eBrazil, futhi silungisa idokhumenti eliphelele elidingekayo ekubhaliseni kwe-ANVISA nasekubhaliseni kwe-MAPA kwemikhiqizo yokudla kwesilwane. Sisekela futhi ukugunyazwa kwemibhalo nokuqinisekiswa kwamanxusa lapho indlela ikudinga, futhi siphendula imibuzo yobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ukubhalisa eBrazil kuphethwe yinkampani yasekhaya engenisa impahla; indima yethu ukunikeza iphakethe lobuchwepheshe nelamadokhumenti elisekela isicelo. 3. Izinhlelo zokusetshenziswa ezilungiselelwe imikhuba yendawo Ukunakekelwa komlomo kulinganiswa ngokumelene namabala akhona ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke kwaseBrazil — ikhofi, i-chimarrão kanye nogwayi. Amazinga okudla ahambisana nezinongo zendawo eziyimpuphu kanye namalungiselelo ayimpuphu. Amazinga ezimonyo afanele isidingo sendawo sokulawula uwoyela kanye namafomula e-sunscreen ane-UV ephezulu. 4. Iphakethe eliphelele lobuchwepheshe I-TDS, i-MSDS, i-COA kanye nemibiko yokuqinisekiswa kwezindlela, kanye namafomula ayireferensi nemihlahlandlela yokusetshenziswa. Ithimba lethu lobuchwepheshe linikeza ukuxazulula kwezinkinga zamafomula kude, okunciphisa umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa ohlangothini lwekhasimende. 5. Ukunikezwa okuzinzile kwamanani amakhulu Umthamo wonyaka ongaphezu kwamathani angu-80,000, nesitoko sokuphepha esigcinwe ngezicaciso ezijwayelekile. Samukela ama-oda ohlaka lonyaka nokulethwa ngezigaba, futhi sihlela ukukhiqiza ngaphambi kohlelo lwesidingo sekhasimende ukuze simunce ukuhamba okude kolwandle kusuka eChina kuya emachwebeni aseBrazil. 6. I-Logistics eyakhelwe iBrazil I-FOB Qingdao, i-CIF noma i-CFR Santos neRio de Janeiro, kanye nokulethwa komnyango we-DDP emadolobheni angaphakathi ahlanganisa iSão Paulo. Siphethe imibhalo yokukhishwa kwempahla yokungenisa yaseBrazil futhi sisebenza nomthumeli oqokiwe wekhasimende. Imihlahlandlela yokusetshenziswa Ukuphathwa okujwayelekile 1.Ukulandelana kokudla — engeza i-silica powder ngesikhathi sokuxuba kwempuphu eyomile. Xuba ngokulingana nezinye izingxenye zempuphu kuqala, bese wethula izingxenye eziwuketshezi igxathu negxathu; ukuthintana okuqondile namanzi amaningi kubangela ukuhlangana. 2.Ukusabalalisa — vumela isikhathi esanele sokuxuba kanye ne-shear efanele uhlelo lokwakheka, ukuze izinhlayiyana zisabalale ngokulingana futhi izinga lisebenze njengoba kucacisiwe. 3.Indawo — gcina izindawo zokukhiqiza nokugcina zomile futhi umswakama ohlobene uphakathi kwebanga elilawulwayo ukuvimbela ukumuncwa komswakama nokunqwabelana. Umthamo onconywayo ngomkhakha Ukunakekelwa komlomo (i-abrasive kakolgate): 18% – 25% kumafomula kakolgate wokumhlophe; lungisa ngokumelene ne-RDA eqondiwe kanye nokusebenza kokuhlanza okudingekayo. Ukudla (ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana / usizo lokugeleza / umthwali): ngokujwayelekile 0.5% – 5%. Izinga langempela kufanele lihlale ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo yezithako i-ANVISA eyibekela isigaba sokudla esithile — i-silicon dioxide ifakwe ohlwini njenge-INS 551, futhi ingxenye esebenzayo kufanele ihlolwe uhlobo ngalunye lomkhiqizo. Izithako zemithi (i-glidant / i-anti-adherent): 0.1% – 3% ezinhlotsheni zemithi eqinile yomlomo njengamaphilisi namacapsule; lungisa ngokwezidingo zenqubo. Izimonyo nokunakekela umuntu: 2% – 15% yokuqinisa, ukumisa nokumunca uwoyela kumakhrimu, amalothoni, ama-scrub nemikhiqizo eyimpuphu; lungisa ngokokuthungwa okuqondiwe nokusebenza kahle. Ukugcina Gcina emaphaketheni okuqala avaliwe, endaweni epholile, eyomile, enomoya, kude nomswakama nokungcola okuguquguqukayo. Isikhathi sokuphila siyizinyanga ezingama-24 emaphaketheni okuqala angavulwanga ngaphansi kwezimo zokugcina ezicacisiwe. Vala kabusha ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvula futhi usebenzise esikhathini esifushane ukuvimbela ukumuncwa komswakama nokungcola kwezinto eziphilayo. Ububanzi bokusetshenziswa Imikhakha eyinhloko 1. Ukunakekelwa komlomo kanye nokukolgate Kufanele izinhlobo eziningi zokwakheka kokunakekelwa komlomo, ngokuhlanza kwe-abrasive kanye nezinga lokuqinisa: Ukukolgate kokumhlophe — kususa ibala langaphandle futhi kupholisha i-enamel, kuqondiswe ekuboleni kwekhofi, i-chimarrão nogwayi okuvamile eBrazil, ne-RDA ngaphakathi kwebanga elamukelwa umhlaba wonke. Ukukolgate kwansuku zonke kokuhlanza okujulile — kususa i-plaque futhi kupholisha ingaphezulu lezinyo; kuhambisana nezinhlelo zokunambitha ze-mint nezithelo ezisetshenziswa emakethe yaseBrazil. Ukukolgate okucacile — izicaciso zihambisana ne-refractive index yesisekelo, ukuze kube nokucaca okuphezulu kwe-paste ngokuhlanza okulula nokuqinisa. I-powder yamazinyo ne-paste yokupholisha yobungcweti — ukugeleza okuhle kwempuphu nokusebenza kokupholisha kwezimpuphu zamazinyo nama-paste okuzivikela kobungcweti. 2. Ukukhiqizwa kokudla Kusetshenziswa njengesithako sokudla esivunyelwe, i-silicon dioxide (E551 / INS 551): Ukuvimbela ukunqwabelana kokudla okuyimpuphu — izinongo eziyimpuphu, ikhofi elisheshayo, impuphu ye-chimarrão, impuphu yobisi, i-creamer, usawoti odliwayo kanye noshukela we-icing; kuvimbela ukumuncwa komswakama nokunqwabelana futhi kuthuthukisa ukugeleza. Usizo lokucubungula kubhiya neziphuzo — usizo lokucacisa olumunca i-protein ne-polyphenol haze, luthuthukisa ukucaca futhi lwandisa isikhathi sokuphila. Umthwali wezithako zokudla — umthwali wokumunca wezinto ezinambitheka eziwuketshezi, ama-sweetener nezithako zokugcina ukondleka, kuziguqula zibe yimpuphu egelezayo ngokukhululeka. Izinhlelo zokusetshenziswa zokudla okuthintana nakho — kuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinto zokudla ezithintana nazo, kuhlanganisa ama-sachet e-desiccant nezinye izinhlelo zokusetshenziswa zokuthintana okungaqondile. 3. Izithako zemithi Kukhiqizwa ngokwe-USP/NF monograph futhi kusetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni zemithi eqinile yomlomo: Amaphilisi namacapsule — i-glidant ne-anti-adherent; kuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwempuphu, kunciphisa ukungqubuzana nama-punch nama-die, kuthuthukisa ukunemba kwesisindo nokuqedwa kwendawo, futhi kuvimbela ukunamathela. Ama-powder nama-granule — usizo lokugeleza nomthwali; kuthuthukisa ukufana kwezinto ezisebenzayo zamthamo ophansi nokuzinza kokulungiselela. Ukusekelwa kokubhalisa — idatha yobuchwepheshe edingekayo ekubhaliseni imithi eBrazil inikezwa kanye nempahla. 4. Izimonyo nokunakekela umuntu Ukuqinisa, ukulawula i-rheology, ukumisa, ukumunca uwoyela nokusebenza kokugxila okuthambile: Ukunakekela isikhumba — amakhrimu, amalothoni, ama-serum nama-scrub; kulungisa ukuthungwa, kuthuthukisa ukuzinza, kunika umuzwa osilika, futhi kunikeza ukuxubha okuthambile kumafomathi e-scrub. Izimonyo — i-powder ekhululekile necindezelwe, i-foundation ne-primer; umphumela wokugxila okuthambile, kufiphalisa izimbobo nemigqa emincane, kumunca uwoyela owedlulele futhi kwandisa isikhathi sokugqoka. I-sunscreen — kuthuthukisa ukusabalala, kunciphisa ukugcwele uwoyela futhi kuthuthukisa umuzwa wangemuva. Ukunakekelwa kwezinwele — i-shampoo eyomile nemikhiqizo yokulawula uwoyela; kumunca uwoyela wekhanda futhi kwengeza umthamo. Imikhakha yesibili Izimboni Isigcwalisi esisebenzayo esingajwayelekile sezinto ezingaphili ze: Ama-coatings nama-inki — i-agent yokumisa, i-agent yokuvimbela ukuhla kanye nomthuthukisi wokumelana nokuklwebheka ezinhlelweni ezithwelwe ngamanzi nezincibilikisi. I-silicone rubber — isigcwalisi esiqinisayo esithuthukisa amandla okudonsa nokumelana nokudabuka. Iphepha nezinye izimboni — isigcwalisi sephepha, i-adsorbent yezimboni kanye nomthwali we-catalyst. Izithako zokudla kwesilwane Kuqinisekiswe nge-FAMI-QS, kuhambisana nezidingo zokuphepha kokudla kwesilwane zaseBrazil: I-agent yokuvimbela ukunqwabelana nosizo lokugeleza lwe-premix, i-concentrate nezithako zokudla kwesilwane eziyimpuphu. Umthwali wezinto ezincane, amavithamini nezinye izithako zokondleka, kuthuthukisa ukuzinza nokusabalala. Imibhalo yobuchwepheshe namasampula kuyatholakala uma kuceliwe.
Phuma izithombe zakho futhi
sizokuxhumana nawe.
Ifoni
WeChat
WhatsApp